Department of Environmental and Health SciencesContains PDF journal articles for this departmenthttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1802024-03-28T08:12:46Z2024-03-28T08:12:46ZSpatial variation in benthopelagic fish assemblage structure along coastal East Africa from recent bottom trawl surveysArara, Boaz Kaunda-Munga, CosmasManyala, JuliusKuguru, BarakaIgulu, MathiasChande, MuhajiKangwe, SimonMwakiti, StephenThoya, PascalMbaru, EmmanuelRuwa, Renisonhttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/175672024-03-27T00:00:37Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZSpatial variation in benthopelagic fish assemblage structure along coastal East Africa from recent bottom trawl surveys
Arara, Boaz Kaunda-; Munga, Cosmas; Manyala, Julius; Kuguru, Baraka; Igulu, Mathias; Chande, Muhaji; Kangwe, Simon; Mwakiti, Stephen; Thoya, Pascal; Mbaru, Emmanuel; Ruwa, Renison
The structure of benthopelagic fish assemblages of the continental shelves and upper slopes along coastal
East Africa (Kenya and Tanzania) was studied based on data from bottom trawls during 2012. These
surveys are the most recent since the historical bottom trawls conducted in the 70s and 80s along costal
East Africa. The bottom trawls sampled fishes in 27 stations along the Kenyan coast using FV Vega, while
in Tanzania 24 stations were sampled by MV Mafunzo. A total of 66 fish species in 43 families were
trawled in Kenya, while 40 species belonging to 22 families were sampled in Tanzania in depth ranges
of 10 m to 230 m. The highest fish biomass was in shallow (<50 m) areas for both Kenya (123.08 kg/km2
)
and Tanzania (49.17 kg/km2
). Numerically dominant species in Kenyan trawls included the largehead
hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus (21.44%), the filesnout grenadier, Coelorhinchus denticulatus (9.50%) and the
orangefin ponyfish, Photopectoralis bindus (7.57%), while in Tanzania, the hipfin ponyfish, Leiognathus
leuciscus (27.09%), sulphur goatfish, Upeneus sulphureus (19.56%) and the finstripe goatfish U. taeniopterus
(12.05%) dominated the trawls. The nMDS analysis indicated the fish assemblages to be influenced by
both depth and area for Kenya, and mostly area sampled for Tanzania, while multivariate Correspondence
Anlysis (CA) provided characteristic species associated with depth and area for both Kenya and Tanzania.
Results of rarefaction curves showed the highest species diversity occurring in Tanzanian shallow depths
(>50 m) of the south coast and shallow and mid-depths (50–150 m) of north coast. The lowest species
diversity was associated with Kenyan samples of north coast in the mid-depth (50–150 m) and deep
(>150 m) waters. The dominant species in the trawls differed with those documented in the historical
trawls of the 1970–1980s. The results provide a taxonomic database on the fish species off coastal East
Africa useful for monitoring spatio-temporal changes in fish assemblages in the face of climate change
effects and increasing exploitation levels.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2016.04.001
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZThe value of long-term, community-based monitoring of marine turtle nestingOlendo, Mike IOkemwa, Gladys MMunga, COSMAS NMulupi, Lilian KMwasi, Lily DMohamed, Hassan BSibanda, MxolisiOng'anda, Harrison Ohttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/175662024-03-27T00:00:36Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZThe value of long-term, community-based monitoring of marine turtle nesting
Olendo, Mike I; Okemwa, Gladys M; Munga, COSMAS N; Mulupi, Lilian K; Mwasi, Lily D; Mohamed, Hassan B; Sibanda, Mxolisi; Ong'anda, Harrison O
Monitoring of nesting beaches is often the only
feasible and low-cost approach for assessing sea turtle populations. We investigated spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle nesting activity monitored over successive years in the
Lamu archipelago, Kenya. Community-based patrols were
conducted on stretches of beach clustered in five major
locations. A total of , nests were recorded: ,
(.%) green turtle Chelonia mydas nests, (.%) hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata nests, (.%) olive ridley
Lepidochelys olivacea nests and (.%) unidentified
nests. Nesting occurred year-round, increasing during
March–July, when % of nests were recorded. A stable
trend in mean annual nesting densities was observed in all
locations. Mean clutch sizes were . ± SE eggs (range
–) for green turtles, ± SE eggs (range –)
for hawksbill turtles, and ± SE eggs (range –)
for olive ridley turtles. Curved carapace length for green turtles was – cm, and mean annual incubation duration
was . ± SE . days. The mean incubation duration for
green turtle nests differed significantly between months
and seasons but not locations. The hatching success (pooled
data) was .% (n = ,) and was higher for in situ nests
(. ± SE .%) compared to relocated nests (. ± SE
.%). The results highlight the important contribution of
community-based monitoring in Kenya to sustaining the
sea turtle populations of the Western Indian Ocean region
doi:10.1017/S0030605317000771
2019-01-01T00:00:00ZExploring coastal development scenarios for ZanzibarHugé, JeanPuyvelde, Karolien VanMunga, CosmasGuebas, Farid Dahdouh-Koedam, Nicohttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/175652024-03-27T00:00:35Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZExploring coastal development scenarios for Zanzibar
Hugé, Jean; Puyvelde, Karolien Van; Munga, Cosmas; Guebas, Farid Dahdouh-; Koedam, Nico
Tropical coastal systems are undergoing rapid change, which impacts people and natural resources, and that
requires innovative governance processes to be turned into an opportunity for sustainable management.
Focusing on Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar archipelago in Tanzania, this study explores the current
state of the island's coastal systems, as well as probable and desirable scenarios for the future. Based on a tworound iterative Delphi survey aimed at coastal science & management experts, research priorities are identified,
and explorative scenarios are proposed. The findings indicate that demographic pressure is expected to have a
high impact, and that competing coastal land use claims balancing between tourism infrastructure development
and local fisheries-related land are to be expected. Sustainable alternative livelihood strategies are however
expected to be part of the solution, for a resilient coastal system, if inclusive governance and management
strategies are put in place, e.g. regarding access to coastal resources. This study combines the predictive and
normative components of explorative scenarios and its approach and findings can be inspiring in the whole
Western Indian Ocean region, beyond the Zanzibar case study.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.005
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZClimate Variability and Small-Scale Fisheries in KenyaDzoga, MuminiSimatele, DMMunga, Cosmashttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/175642024-03-27T00:00:33Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZClimate Variability and Small-Scale Fisheries in Kenya
Dzoga, Mumini; Simatele, DM; Munga, Cosmas
Small-scale coastal fishing communities in the tropics have varied responses to climate variability constraints. These responses are often part
of the different ways in which communities build adaptive capacity and resilience against internal and external stresses in their bid to reduce the
impacts of prevailing and projected weather conditions. It is widely accepted that small-scale coastal fishing communities depend on fisheries
resources for their livelihood. If these resources are increasingly becoming scarce as a result of climate variability pressure, a natural question
to ask revolves around the ability of these fishing communities to employ alternative livelihood strategies. Drawing from a recent cross-sectional
field study conducted in Ungwana Bay and the Lower Tana Delta, north coast of Kenya coupled with analysis of long -term terrestrial temperature
and rainfall data, this paper describes the climate variability and the socio-economic status of the small-scale or artisanal fishing communities
and how these communities are adapting to existing challenges. Trend in terrestrial temperature indicated a strong and positive correlation
over time for the region (R2
= 0.7588). Small scale coastal fishing community’s livelihood showed significant association with natural resource
dependence (P = 0.001, χ2 = 494.153a). Furthermore, empirical evidence indicated that while fishing is an important source of livelihood in
Ngomeni and Kipini, the Ozi fishing community has expanded its sources of livelihood to include crop production. Population pressure, low level
of education, and unemployment have been identified as key socio-economic factors leading to the heavy dependence on natural resources for
livelihood support (χ2 = 24.273a
, P = 0.004; χ2 = 46.319a
, P = 0.001 and χ2 = 17.863a
; P = 0.037, respectively). It is recommended in this paper that
the provision of both civic and formal education may play an important role in equipping fishing communities with knowledge for embracing
and adopting alternative livelihood strategies and income generation opportunities. These strategies would also contribute to less pressure on
the fisheries resources for sustainable livelihood.
DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2019.17.555971
2019-01-01T00:00:00Z