Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Associated Factors among Women aged 25-49 Years in Kaloleni Sub-County, Kilifi County

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer causes a significant number of deaths and morbidity among women. The aim of the study was to determine utilization of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women in Kaloleni Sub-County of Kilifi County aged between 25 and 49 years.

Methods: A health facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study in five medical facilities was undertaken in Kaloleni Sub-County. 217 women filled the questionnaire, in depth interviews was done on 20 healthcare workers and health facility assessment. Descriptive statistics and chi- square analysis were utilized to explore the relationship between cervical cancer screening rates and various factors, including individual and healthcare facility characteristics. Content analysis was applied to identify important themes arising in qualitative data.

Results: In a study of 217 women aged 25-49 in Kaloleni Sub-County, only 23% had undergone cervical cancer screening. Significant associations were found between screening utilization and geographical location (p = 0.008), awareness of cervical cancer screening (p < 0.001), knowledge of symptoms (p < 0.001), and cost of screening (p < 0.001). Source of income (p = 0.021), while insurance cover (p = 0.030). In addition, health facility factors, such as service promotion (p < 0.001) and staff training adequacy (p < 0.001), significantly affected utilization. Health facility- level assessments determined a lack of advanced cervical cancer services. Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening rates are considerably low. Therefore, it is essential to introduce awareness initiatives, enhance access to screening via outreach activities, subsidize prices, strengthen the healthcare system, and offer patient centered training for healthcare professionals.