Department of Pure and Applied SciencesContains patents from this departmenthttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1942024-03-29T00:52:41Z2024-03-29T00:52:41ZThe Biochemical Role of Macro and Micro- Minerals in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Associated Complications: A ReviewKibiti, Cromwell MwitiAfolayan, Jidehttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/79372023-11-13T00:04:00Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Biochemical Role of Macro and Micro- Minerals in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Associated Complications: A Review
Kibiti, Cromwell Mwiti; Afolayan, Jide
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic physiological glucose metabolic disorder. Its high prevalence globally has a significant impact on the quality of life. The management of diabetes includes non-pharmacological and glucose lowering agents. Although these methods are effective, they have drawbacks. This has led to a search for alternative therapy in macro and micro-minerals from dietary foods and plants. There is therefore a need to review, identify and classify their modes of action in diabetes mellitus therapy. Materials and Methods: This review was carried out using comprehensive literature reports on the use of mineral elements in the management of diabetes. Empirical online searches were conducted for different elements that have been studied for their anti-diabetic potentials both in vivo and in vitro. The University of Fort Hare’s online database was also used. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that magnesium, molybdenum, zinc, vanadium and manganese facilitate glucose catabolism. Chromium, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum and magnesium can enhance insulin activity while molybdenum, manganese and zinc stimulate lipogenesis. Zinc and iron can modulate glucose, metabolizing enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and limit oxidative stress, respectively. These agents have similar mechanisms to conventional drugs in ameliorating diabetic status and other associated complications. Conclusion: The mechanisms of these elements are well known, however, the synergetic effects of their combinations are still obscure. Literature on their safe dose(s) is still scanty. Evaluation of other useful macro and micro-minerals should also be undertaken. It is envisaged that the use of mineral supplements will promote good health in diabetics.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZThe effect of Point Mutations in Dihydrofolate reductase genes and the Multidrug resistance gene 1-86 on treatment of falciparum malaria in SudanYusuf, Rahma UduOmar, Sabar ANgure, Raphael Mhttp://ir.tum.ac.ke/handle/123456789/79342023-11-13T00:03:46Z2011-01-01T00:00:00ZThe effect of Point Mutations in Dihydrofolate reductase genes and the Multidrug resistance gene 1-86 on treatment of falciparum malaria in Sudan
Yusuf, Rahma Udu; Omar, Sabar A; Ngure, Raphael M
Background: This study investigated the prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance markers in P. falciparum isolates, involving the detection of mutations at the mdr1-86, which associates with amodiaquine resistance, and dhfr mutations associated with SP resistances.Methods: The dot-blot/probe hybridization was used to determine multidrug resistance (mdr1-86) and assess the correlation of Amodiaquine (AQ) resistance and PCR/ RFLP was used to determine dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) baseline resistance to Sulphadoxine- Pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in the Nubian region of Southern Sudan.
A randomized open-label trial of Artesunate (AS) + SP and AQ + SP was conducted in children younger than five years. Molecular analysis of the samples was performed to provide a baseline estimate of allele prevalences. Results: Baseline allele prevalence of the mdr1-86 locus in the AS + AQ was successful for 80 isolates: 71(8.11%) carried parasites harbouring the mdr1-86 Tyr resistance allele, while 7 (89.19%) carried mdr1-86 Asn sensitivity allele, and 2 (2.7%) were of mixed infection, having both resistance and wild type allele. Overall, the prevalence of the dhfr point mutation, codon 51, 59 and 108: 82.5% (132/160) carried mutations at dhfr (N51I, C59R or S108N), but triple mutants were rare (3.1%) in the AS + SP arm. Conclusion: The results show that mutations present in dhfr and mdr1-86 have a significant effect on the type of treatment following SP and AQ chemotherapy. SP resistance may spread rapidly, and AS + AQ is likely a better option, provided AQ use is restricted to the combination.
2011-01-01T00:00:00Z