Anemia Burden, Types and Associated Risk Factors among Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-infected Injection Substance Users

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Date
2020-09-01Author
Abonyo Collins
Shaviya Nathan
Budambula Valentine
Were Tom
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Show full item recordAbstract
BACKGROUND፡ Although injection substance users and
individuals co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency
Virus-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis suffer marked
hematologic derangements, the rates, levels, morphologic
types and associated risk factors of anemia among Human
immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co infected injection substance users has not been reported in
Kenya.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study determined anemia
rates, levels and morphologic types. Anemia was associated
with clinical markers of disease- underweight,
immunosuppression and viral load. Complete blood count,
CD4 T-cell enumeration and viral load were determined via
standard laboratory methods.
RESULTS: All injection substance users had higher rates of
anaemia (HIV+TB+ ISUs, 79.3%; HIV-TB+ISUs, 70.0%;
HIV+TB- ISUs, 56.6% and HIV-TB- ISUs, 56.2%) relative to
non-ISUs (16.6%; P<0.05). A significant proportion of
HIV+TB+ISUs (47.8%) developed severe anemia than other
clinical groups. The commonest morphologic type of anemia
in HIV+TB+ISUs was microcytic hypochromic (43.5%)
followed by normocytic hypochromic (17.4%) relative to the
other clinical groups. HIV+TB+ ISUs with CD4 T-cells
<200/uL (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.41-6.13, P=0.004) and CD4 T cells of 200-349/uL (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.66-6.31, P=0.001)
associated with higher odds of developing anemia.