Effects of Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres on the Compressive, Splitting Tensile and Flexural Strengths of Structural Lightweight Concrete Using Palm Kernel Shells as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates

Abstract

The improper handling and disposal of waste tyres in many African countries is still a serious problem which has caused environmental and health hazards. Like waste tyres, the proper reuse of agricultural wastes, such as palm kernel shells, is also a challenge as the production has increased over the years. In the field of civil engineering, effort have been made to recycle waste tyres and palm kernel shells in concrete production to mitigate some of the environmental problems arising from these wastes. The recycling of such waste for civil engineering applications has been heightened with the development of new technologies. This study was carried out to evaluate and assess the effects of recycled tyre steel fibres and palm kernel shells on the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of structural lightweight concrete, using recycled tyre steel fibres for reinforcement and palm kernel shells as partial replacement of coarse aggregates. Recycled tyres steel fibres were added in normal-weight concrete at 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% (Viz., 6, 12 and 18 kg/m3) content and aspect ratio of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% to determine the optimal fibres content and aspect ratio. The results show that recycled tyres steel fibres obtained from pyrolysis can improve the compressive and splitting strengths of normal-weight concrete. The optimal fibres content and aspect ratio were used with palm kernel shells at 25, 50, and 75% content to determine the optimal partial replacement of coarse aggregates with palm kernel shells. The maximum compressive and splitting tensile strengths values were obtained at an aspect ratio of 80, palm kernel shell content of 25% and steel content of 0.50%. Normal-weight concrete strength values in flexure were higher than lightweight concrete made with optimal values. Additionally, beams with 25 and 50% content of palm kernel shells with optimal fibre content and aspect ratios qualified as structural lightweight concrete.