Browsing Department of Environmental and Health Sciences by Title
Now showing items 28-47 of 72
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Hepatitis B virus sero-profiles and genotypes in HIV-1 infected and uninfected injection and Non-injection drug users from coastal Kenya
(BioMed Central, 2015)Information about HBV sero-markers, infection stages and genotypes in HIV-1 infected and uninfected injection and non-injection drug users (IDUs) in Kenya remains elusive. -
HIV and cervical cancer in Kenya
(2001)Objecti es: To determine the effect of the HIV epidemic on invasive cervical cancer in Kenya. Methods: Of the 3902 women who were diagnosed with reproductive tract malignancies at Kenyatta National Hospital KNH from Ž ... -
HIV incidence among women using intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019-06-13)Background Observational and laboratory studies suggest that some hormonal contraceptive methods, particularly intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), might increase women's susceptibility to HIV ... -
HIV Infection Alters the Spectrum of HPV Subtypes Found in Cervical Smears and Carcinomas from Kenyan Women
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2013)Infection with high risk HPV is implicated in pre-cancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions and their progression to cervical cancer. In the developed countries, infection with HPV 16 and 18 accounts for ~70% of cervical ... -
HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users
(BioMed Central, 2015)Although injection drug use drives antiretroviral drug resistance, the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance among Kenyan IDUs remains undetermined. We, therefore, explored PI resistance mutations and their ... -
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Immunological Profiles among Suspected Tuberculosis Cases in Mombasa County, Kenya
(Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 2016-03-22)Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of the ... -
Human papillomavirus types in women with invasive cervical carcinoma by HIV status in Kenya
(Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company, 2008)To evaluate the fraction of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) that could be prevented in HIV-infected women by vaccines currently available against human papillomavirus (HPV)16 and 18, we conducted a cross-sectional study ... -
The impact of crude solid waste disposal on the Air-shed conditions of Mwakirunge-Kisauni, Mombasa County, Kenya
(International Journal of Advance Research, 2014)This paper presents the effects of crude disposal of solid waste on the air-shed conditions of the Mwakirunge dump site. The dumpsite is located within the air route for aircrafts approaching the Moi International Airport. ... -
Irradiation reduces superficial scald by downregulating ethylene and α-farnesene biosynthetic enzymes in ‘Granny Smith’ apples
(Elsevier, 2021)Superficial scald is a postharvest disorder of apples related to increased ethylene production in stored fruit which leads to α-farnesene accumulation and oxidation. Ionizing irradiation inhibits ethylene production and ... -
Knowledge and practice about cervical cancer and Pap smear testing among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
(International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 2003-12-11)Gichangi P, Estambale B, Bwayo J, Rogo K, Ojwang S, Opiyo A, Temmerman M. Knowledge and practice about cervical cancer and Pap smear testing among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Int J Gynecol ... -
LIFECYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ENERGY BALANCES OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES
(African Journals online, 2019-07-22)Many countries have promoted biofuels to address energy security, environmental concerns as well as to improve the socio-economic well-being of rural people. This paper evaluates lifecycle net greenhouse gas (GHG) ... -
Malaria and Chikungunya Detected Using Molecular Diagnostics Among Febrile Kenyan Children
(Infectitious Diseases Society of America, 2017-05-22)Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is frequently overdiagnosed as the cause of an undifferentiated febrile illness, whereas arboviral illnesses are presumed to be underdiagnosed. Methods. Sera ... -
Managing coastal pelagic fisheries
(Elsevier, 2017)2 Balancing sustainability and conservation concerns with the socioeconomic needs of 3 small-scale fishers is a dilemma that is commonly faced by fisheries managers. In this paper, 4 we present a case study on managing ... -
Markets and Gender Interaction in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Case of the Coastal Kenya Sedentary Farm Households’ Experiences
(Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2014)Climate change is a global concern which manifests on a multilevel perspective and sometimes distinct or nested within some geographical boundaries. At the sedentary farm household systems climate change is real and continues ... -
Need for and use of contraception by women before and during COVID-19 in four sub-Saharan African geographies: results from population-based national or regional cohort surveys
(Elsevier, 2021)Background Although hindrances to the sexual and reproductive health of women are expected because of COVID-19, the actual effect of the pandemic on contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy risk in women, particularly ... -
Opportunities to improve postpartum care for mothers and infants: design of context-specific packages of postpartum interventions in rural districts in four sub-Saharan African countries
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Postpartum maternal and infant mortality is high in sub-Saharan Africa and improving postpartum care as a strategy to enhance maternal and infant health has been neglected. We describe the design and selection ... -
Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy Decrease Placental Transfer of Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies
(Clinical Vaccine Immunology, 2017-04-14)Many factors can influence maternal placental antibody transfer to the fetus, which confers important immune protection to the newborn infant. However, little is known about the effect of maternal parasitic infection on ... -
Perspectives on HIV Pre- and Post- Exposure Prophylaxes (PrEP and PEP) among Female and Male Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya: Implications for Integrating Biomedical Prevention into Sexual Health Services
(Guilford, 2017)Pre- and post-exposure prophylaxes (PrEP and PEP) can reduce the risk of HIV acquisition, yet often are inaccessible to and underutilized by most-vulnerable populations, including sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Based ... -
Pneumococcal Vaccine Response After Exposure to Parasites in Utero, in Infancy, or Mid-Childhood
(Pediatrics, 2017-04-04)ACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of mortality before age 5, but few studies examine details of childhood response to pneumococcal vaccine in less-developed settings. Although malnutrition, ... -
Poly-drug use among female and male commercial sex workers visiting a drop in centre in Mombasa County, Kenya
(PLOS, 2022)The relationship between commercial sex work and drug use is complex and the two exacerbate each other. In Kenya, Mombasa County has one of the highest populations of drug users and commercial sex workers. Despite documentation ...